Na rynku finansowym handlujemy po to, by zarabiać. Przynajmniej taki cel przyświeca zdecydowanej większości traderów. Tak czy inaczej nasze analizy rynku sprowadzają się do szukania prawdopodobieństwa sukcesu dla wrzucanej transakcji. Zabezpieczenie się przed ryzykiem to nie tylko używanie stop lossów, czy liczenie ekspozycji na giełdzie. Niektórzy traderzy w ogóle nie używają zleceń SL.
Co warto więc robić, gdy ich nie używamy, by w jakiś sposób zabezpieczyć zlecenie na stracie? Z pomocą idzie hedging i uśrednianie. Kiedy warto je stosować? W jaki sposób tworzyć z nich strategie mieszane i gotowe wzorce zabezpieczenia transakcji? Zapraszamy do krótkiego wpisu.
Uśrednianie
Zacznijmy może od uśredniania. Jest to bardzo prosta czynność, w której po prostu uśredniamy cenę. Robimy to dokładając zlecenie w tym samym kierunku. Uśredniać można na różne sposoby. Warto przy tym procesie uwzględnić dwa parametry:
- wielkość pozycji wyjściowej i pozycji uśredniających
- odległość pozycji od siebie.
Często uśredniamy cenę po pierwszym spadku/wzroście. Załóżmy, że weszliśmy w pozycję, następnie rynek przesuwa się o 20 pipsów w niekorzystnym dla nas kierunku. Wydaje nam się, że transakcja, którą zajęliśmy jest prawidłowa. Działa tutaj psychologia i przeświadczenie o tym, że nasz osąd sytuacji i analiza jest bezbłędna. Dokładamy zatem kolejną pozycję, by wejść “po lepszej cenie”. Oczywiście istnieje zawsze takie prawdopodobieństwo, że rynek powróci prędzej lub później do obranego przez nas punktu wyjścia. Jednak trzeba uwzględnić to drugie “ale”, gdy zostajemy z dwiema pozycjami, a notowania idą coraz intensywniej w przeciwnym niż obrany przez nas kierunek.
Kiedy zatem uśrednianie jest skuteczne? Co do zasady uśrednianie ma sens, gdy odległość między pozycją wyjściową (pierwszą) a uśredniającą jest spora. Spora, mam na myśli taka, która pozwoli uśredniając przy potencjalnej korekcie znacząco zmniejszyć ekspozycję. Osobiście robię roczne statystyki dla poszczególnych par walutowych. Po wrzuceniu ich notowań do excela, można obliczyć średni ruch spadkowy/wzrostowy, po którym następuje korekta. Jeżeli będziemy wiedzieli, że np. statystycznie EUR/USD odwraca trend spadkowy na H1 po pokonaniu 80 pipsów, nasza druga pozycja (uśredniająca) może się znaleźć ok. 60-70 pipsów od pozycji wyjściowej.
Drugą kwestią pozostaje wielkość pozycji. W najlepszym przypadku pierwsza pozycja powinna być najmniejsza, a kolejne uśredniające nieznacznie większe. Pozwoli to na szybsze wyjście z pozycji, gdyż pozycje uśredniające będą po lepszej cenie. Tutaj warto ustawić sobie sztywny mnożnik kolejnych pozycji, by ich wielkości nie były losowe. Można również uśredniać cały czas tą samą wielkością pozycji. Musimy się w tym przypadku nastawić jednak na dłuższe wychodzenie z pozycji.
No dobrze, jak w takim razie zamykać pozycje? Czekać, aż wszystkie wyjdą na zysk?
Najprościej jest zamknąć pozycje wtedy, gdy WSZYSTKIE pozwolą nam zarobić tyle, ile chcieliśmy docelowo zarobić na pierwszej. Zatem jeżeli wrzucając pierwszą pozycję na rynek chcieliśmy zarobić na niej 30 USD, dobrze by było, gdyby wszystkie nasze transakcje łącznie dały nam taki wynik. Wówczas zdarzy się taka sytuacja, w której zamkniemy część pozycji na stracie, część za zero, a inne na zysku. Łącznie jednak ich wynik ma dać nasz docelowy zysk. Można również zamykać pozycje, gdy ich sumaryczny wynik da “0”. Kombinacji jest naprawdę wiele w tym zakresie. Jednak najważniejsze jest to, by wyprowadzić takie transakcje co najmniej na zero.
Wprowadzenie do hedgingu
O samych metodach hedgowania porozmawiamy w oddzielnym artykule. Tutaj natomiast powiem ogólnie o całym procesie. Hedging jako metodę wspierającą zarządzanie ryzykiem można skojarzyć jako odwrotność uśredniania. Hedgowanie jest najbardziej skuteczne, gdy stosujemy je w jak najmniejszej odległości od pozycji wyjściowej.
Sam hedging to nic innego jak wzięcie pozycji odwrotnej do pozycji wyjściowej. Czyli jeżeli nasza pierwsza transakcja to SELL, pozycją do niej odwrotną będzie BUY. Ta metoda jest szczególnie dobra, gdy chcemy podczas zawirowań rynkowych zabezpieczyć swoją transakcję. Wówczas nawet gdy rynek przesunie się na naszą niekorzyść jedna z naszych pozycji będzie zarabiała.
Hedgować również można w różny sposób. Ustaliliśmy, że najbardziej efektywne jest hedgowanie blisko pozycji wyjściowej. Teraz zastanówmy się nad wielkością pozycji hedgującej, bo możemy to zrobić tak naprawdę na 3 podstawowe sposoby:
- Zabezpieczenie pozycji wyjściowej – pozycja hedgująca jest mniejsza niż pozycja wyjściowa. Dobra, gdy trend długoterminowy jest po naszej stronie, ale obawiamy się krótkoterminowych wahań. Wówczas po zamknięciu pozycji hedgującej na plusie, można tym zarobkiem zredukować pozycję wyjściową poprzez jej częściowe zamknięcie.
- Zahedgowanie całkowite – pozycja odwrotna (hedgująca) jest taka sama jak pozycja wyjściowa. Wówczas “zamrażamy” bieżącą stratę. Jest to przydatny ruch, gdy na rynek wychodzi jakiś news i chcemy go przeczekać. Z tego typu hedge’a ciężej jest wyjść na zero. Aby zamknąc takie transakcje można redukować je zyskiem, z którejś z nich i po opadnięciu przysłowiowego kurzu na rynkach, po prostu uśrednić (stosujemy strategię mieszaną).
- Hedgowanie pod odwrócenie trendu – pozycja hedgująca jest większa od wyjściowej. Stosujemy to wtedy, gdy jesteśmy przekonani, że trend się odwróci a nie chcemy naszej pozycji wyjściowej zamykać na stracie. Ma to sens przy intensywnych trendach.
Zarówno hedgowanie jak i uśrednianie można ze sobą łączyć. Grunt by nie zakopać konta wszystkimi dostępnymi pozycjami. Pomocne są przy tym dwie zasady:
- hedgujemy jak najbliżej pozycji pierwszej
- uśredniamy jak najdalej od pierwszej transakcji
Ponadto trzeba mieć na uwadze, że zarówno hedgowanie i uśrednianie w kontekście zarządzania ryzykiem otwartych pozycji ma nam pomóc ZNEUTRALIZOWAĆ stratę. Zarobek w tym przypadku jest swego rodzaju “bonusem”.
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Of this, about 2/3 of creatine is sure with inorganic phosphate
(Pi) and stored as phosphocreatine (PCr) with the rest stored as
free creatine (Cr). The complete creatine pool (Cr + PCr) is about a hundred and
twenty mmol/kg of dry muscle mass for a 70
kg particular person who maintains a diet that includes purple meat and fish.
Vegetarians have been reported to have muscle creatine and PCr
shops about 20–30% lower than non-vegetarians [46,47].
The body breaks down about 1–2% of creatine in the muscle per day into creatinine which is excreted in the urine [46,48,49].
Degradation of creatine to creatinine is greater in individuals with larger muscle mass and individuals with greater physical
exercise levels. Due To This Fact, a normal-sized particular person could have to devour 2–3 g/day of creatine to maintain regular creatine stores
depending on food plan, muscle mass, and physical exercise ranges.
The best and fast approach to increase muscle creatine stores is to ingest 5
g of creatine monohydrate 4 occasions every day for 5–7 days (i.e., zero.three g/kg/day) [46,49].
There is a superb amount of analysis published on creatine supplementation; protocols of administration, types
of creatine, in addition to potential unwanted side effects.
Regardless Of this, the mechanisms by which creatine acts in the
human physique to improve bodily and cognitive efficiency
are nonetheless not clear. The major aims of this review are
to investigate the more modern findings on the effects and mechanisms of creatine supplementation in sports and health.
As a secondary purpose, we will analyze probably the most beneficial
protocols of ingestion and its potential side effects.
Creatine can improve efficiency, selling power and energy,
by replenishing ATP throughout high-intensity exercise.
Peirano and coworkers [334] discovered that topically utilized creatine quickly penetrates
the dermis, stimulates collagen synthesis, and influences gene expression and protein. Additionally, the topical utility of a creatine-containing formulation for six weeks considerably lowered the
sagging cheek depth within the jowl space, crow’s feet wrinkles, and wrinkles
beneath the eyes.
AS is totally employed by a US trade association representing the dietary supplement industry.
The authors wish to thank all the research individuals and researchers who’ve contributed to creatine analysis.
In Japan, dietary substances are legally categorized
as food, meals additives, or „non-drug” (food), and are topic to certainly one of two rules, each enforced by the
Ministry of Well Being, Labor and Welfare (MHLW). CM is categorized as a „non-drug” (MHLW 2009) and is permitted for use as each a meals ingredient and a food additive
underneath the Meals Sanitation Law (MHLW 2001), permitting it
to be imported, distributed, and produced as meals in Japan. Right Here are some of
the penalties you should take care of while combining these two dietary supplements.
Containing high quality vitamins corresponding to creatine, L-citrulline and sensible caffeine, this all-natural
supplement will let you blow the doors off your workouts.
We consider the training standing of our members a strength of this examine as a result of we included only educated cyclists with aggressive experience.
Additionally, members have been experienced in sprint biking in training and/or competition. The familiarization earlier than baseline testing further improves the standard of our outcomes because reliability improves when a familiarization is undertaken [8,34].
The supernatant was transferred right into a pre-weighed microfuge
tube and neutralized with 2.1 M KHCO3/0.3 M MOPS solution. The samples have been then centrifuged again at 7,
000 rpm for five minutes and the supernatant was eliminated and placed into microfuge tubes and frozen at −80°C.
As a end result, we are ready to count on to see effects similar to what we get with monohydrate.
Initially regarded as purely a psychological downside, linking fatigue to melancholy or other psychiatric diseases, newer research has been in a
place to show a metabolic dysfunction causing the symptoms [99,260,261].
Linking this scientific state with mitochondrial dysfunction was
first in a position when lowered mitochondrial ATP ranges were shown utilizing MRS on patients with
fatigue syndrome [262]. Later muscle biopsies and serum biomarkers have been in a position to present decreased mitochondrial biomarkers [263,264].
It’s finest to avoid any drastic changes in food regimen, corresponding to extreme
caloric restriction or carbohydrate elimination. Additional scientific analysis is required to find out whether
Creatine Magnesium Chelate supplies superior performance measures.
Abstract of literature on the consequences of
creatine precursors on chronic fatigue and Post-COVID syndrome.
Publication of these findings should not be viewed as endorsement by the investigators or their institutions of the vitamins investigated.
The really helpful dosage is 3-5 grams per day, usually break up before and after workouts.
Count On expert-backed exercises, nutrition advice, the latest in energy
sports, and an entire lot of motivation heading your way.
Hold in mind that creatine is finest taken with simple carbohydrates, such as glucose.
It might subsequently dissolve powder in fruit juice or swallow capsules with carbohydrates to boost the
effect of creatine and decrease injury.
Creatine and creatine phosphate are associated but distinct compounds, every playing a singular position in muscle vitality metabolism.
Creatine is a naturally occurring amino acid spinoff present in muscle cells and certain meals.
It’s concerned in energy production and is out there through dietary sources like meat and fish, in addition to in complement
form. Known for its purity and effectiveness in rising muscle mass and improving train performance.
Research show that taking creatine supplements whereas resistance training
improved muscle progress in the higher and decrease body
of members of various ages. Muscle biopsies from the vastus
lateralis, fasting blood samples, body weight, DEXA determined
body composition, and Wingate Anaerobic Capacity (WAC) tests were carried out
at 0, 7, and 28-days whereas 1RM power tests have been performed at
zero and 28-days. Data were analyzed by a repeated
measures multivariate analysis of variance
(MANOVA) and are offered as imply ± SD changes from baseline after 7 and 28-days,
respectively.
Just Lately, Braggion et al. [67] additionally observed that training
performed on a ladder (3×/week for 12 weeks) elevated collagen fibers in the soleus skeletal
muscle of ovariectomized rats. The upregulation of collagen turnover due to prolonged coaching might be brought on by the elevated exercise of fibroblasts concerned in muscle hypertrophy and regeneration [67,68].
This change could provide mechanical assist to muscle fibers, as resistance
coaching promotes a high contractile demand to multiple skeletal muscle tissue, despite completely different
histological, biochemical, and metabolic properties
[51]. The study may lack sufficient power to detect a significant impact of 15-s work relative to FFM.
As A End Result Of creatine plays a major position on this system,
more creatine means extra potential ATP, which translates
into improved performance on short-duration, high-intensity
tasks. As A Outcome Of long-duration, low-intensity actions rely more on a
different energy system, they aren’t usually enhanced by creatine —
in different words, creatine will assist a dash but not a marathon. Almonds are filled
with protein and creatine producing arginine, which helps within the growth
of lean muscle mass. They also comprise wholesome fats which assist in sustaining
and decreasing the general body mass index, making you lose
weight (28).
Resistance exercise coaching elevated follistatin expression within the gastrocnemius white portion (Figure 6A) and soleus muscles (Figure 7A).
Gastrocnemius follistatin expression was larger in Tc than in the Cc and Tcr groups (Cc 0.forty five ± zero.sixteen; Cr zero.40
± zero.17, Tc 0.eighty two ± zero.33, Tcr zero.52 ± 0.27 arbitrary units; Figure 6A).
Each skilled groups offered lower gastrocnemius myostatin levels than their
respective controls (Cc 1.27 ± zero.32; Cr 1.32 ±
0.17, Tc 0.76 ± zero.22, Tcr 0.88 ± 0.13 arbitrary units;
Determine 6B).
Though there’s much less research out there on creatine HCL compared to monohydrate, preliminary research and
anecdotal evidence recommend that it could require a decrease
dosage to realize related advantages because of its enhanced absorption rates.
You may be pondering, ‘these benefits sounds compelling’, and you’d be right, they’re.
Nevertheless, the overwhelming majority of research on creatine’s
efficacy, including its security profile and long-term effects on muscle
progress and efficiency, has been conducted using creatine monohydrate.
Consequently, while Creatine HCL presents an intriguing alternative, particularly for people who could not tolerate monohydrate
well, the foundational benefits of creatine supplementation as a complete, stay
consistent throughout both forms. By replenishing ATP ranges extra effectively,
creatine supplementation permits athletes, bodybuilders and on a regular basis lively individuals to keep up larger efficiency ranges.
This translates to significant enhancements in energy, power output, and muscle endurance, which can help you push more durable during exercises and recuperate faster
between units (Wu, S et al., 2022).
Notably, a parallel research by Kreider et al.
— Kreider is considered one of the top creatine researchers
over the past 20+ years, by the method in which — reiterated that not all creatine monohydrate is created equal.
It additionally found that about 90% of non-creatine monohydrate ‘alternative’ creatine merchandise lacked any proof of efficacy regardless of their high-flown marketing claims.
A latest examine printed within the journal Helyion in 2022 affirmed
Creapure’s reputation because the gold normal of creatine monohydrate.
As for creatinine, it doesn’t really pose a health concern if ingested, even though it’s barely greater in generic manufacturers (70
mg/kg) compared to Creapure (40 mg/kg). While EFSA doesn’t present a limit, lower is still
higher, so Creapure wins in this regard as nicely.
Whereas creatine monohydrate is extra backed with analysis research for
its effectiveness and safety. As a dietary complement, the most extensively used and well-researched type of creatine is
creatine monohydrate. In this part, we’ll take a glance at some options that go far past the fundamental creatine formulation.
When it comes to the heavyweight battle of creatine dietary supplements, the two contenders that persistently go head-to-head are
Creatine HCL (hydrochloride) and Creatine Monohydrate. Every
creatine has its advantages in relation to chasing those
features, however which one takes the crown? The answer isn’t as easy as you might think, but we’ll
dissect the rounds of this bout that can assist you
decide the most effective fit in your health routine in an in-depth discussion. It
is also the most well-liked and most cost-effective creatine by-product on the
market.
In this research, 27% were responders, 45% had been quasi
responders, and 27% had been non-responders.
[43] Outside of that, we don’t really know
what quantity of individuals respond well to creatine
supplementation. Frequently taking supplemental creatine can enhance the creatine
content in the body, thereby growing energy availability, increasing muscle cell swelling, and muscle satellite cell activation,
amongst other mechanisms. Nonetheless, mechanisms
don’t at all times tell the whole story and we must always talk
about whether or not supplemental creatine really
improves performance and health. A research with 36 subjects, divided
into 4 teams, (1) 20g of creatine monohydrate, (2) 3g of creatine monohydrate, (3) 3g of Creatine HCL, and (4) placebo, were all evaluated for bodily efficiency modifications
after seven days of supplementation. The results confirmed that there
were no significant differences between the effects of three and
20g of monohydrate and 3g of creatine HCL [R]. Lastly, contemplate the
complement form that can best meet your wants and support consistency.
When creatine monohydrate is loaded with 20g or extra per day,
Mix one 3g dosed scoop of Swolverine’s Kre-Alkalyn Creatine pre-workout or post-workout.
this can lower the amount you’re absorbing, which may cause gastrointestinal discomfort.
If taken at a standard 3-5g dose per day, over the course of a
month, versus loading, you’ll not expertise and mustn’t expertise gastrointestinal issues.
Creatine HCL was created as another option to promote greater
bioavailability, reducing comparatively frequent side effects such as
upset abdomen as a outcome of loading protocols with creatine monohydrate.
Creatine promotes muscle development, endurance, and restoration from
exercise classes. An elevated fee of ATP regeneration helps assist muscle
function during train, which may help you practice tougher for extra extended durations without experiencing fatigue.
Creatine Nitrate is bonded to a nitrate group to probably enhance solubility thus greater bioavailability,
sound familiar? Another benefit of including a nitrate group to creatine,
is a rise in oxygen ranges to the bloodstream for larger muscle pump.
The product is claimed to be the only solubilized type of powdered creatine out there, making it extra bioavailable and steady.
However, no evidence has been published so far to substantiate any efficiency or ergogenic profit from
this form of creatine. Tallon et al. (Child and Tallon 2007) in contrast
the stability of creatine ethyl ester (CEE) head to head with CM and
located that CEE was truly less steady than CM.
It was concluded that the addition of the ethyl group to creatine actually decreased acid
stability and accelerated its breakdown to creatinine.
It is speculated that the methyl ester or ethyl ester groups
are higher leaving groups than hydroxyl or water and, subsequently, suggesting
that the degradation into creatinine should be
rather accelerated.
Hand position was freely chosen by the members but a grip
on the drops was beneficial. Be the first to know about product launches, well being hacks,
complement advice, recipes, personalised provides and extra.
It Is the gym junkie’s holy grail to getting over
those pesky plateaus and supercharging your features. Assume
of it as your muscular tissues’ greatest mate, always
there to offer you that extra nudge whenever you’re gunning for another rep
or aiming to add one other plate to the barbell. Buffered creatine is designed
to have a higher pH stage to prevent breakdown in the abdomen and enhance stability.
Additionally, the monohydrate kind is comparatively low
cost, effective and widely obtainable. Creatine magnesium chelate is a form
of the complement that’s „chelated” with magnesium.
In addition, creatine salts will have to outperform the physical combination of CM and the corresponding acid, showing synergistic results.
Simply like creatine monohydrate, nitrate additionally works
effectively to spice up the efficiency. As mentioned, Creatine nitrate is extra soluble in water than creatine monohydrate, which means that it is
extra easily absorbed into the bloodstream. In a study,
it’s shown that regular supplementation increases the amount of intracellular creatine,
which boosts the cell’s capacity to generate adenosine triphosphate.
The findings of this research spotlight the significance of contemplating supplementation of creatine
monohydrate when undergoing testing for the maximal glycolytic price.
When contemplating the addition of supplements corresponding to creatine monohydrate or creatine phosphate to your
routine, it’s crucial to hunt steering from health professionals.
They can provide personalised recommendation based on your well being standing, dietary wants,
and fitness objectives. A sports activities nutritionist or a dietitian can provide insights into how these dietary
supplements could be built-in into your total diet plan. Creatine phosphate,
also referred to as phosphocreatine, is a naturally occurring substance inside muscle cells.
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